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# Market Structures | A-Level Economics Notes
- URL: https://www.a-level-economics-tutor.com/market-structures-notes/
- Published: 2026-10-01T13:17:11.000Z
- Updated: 2026-10-01T13:17:11.000Z
- Author: Jaisul Naik
- Tags: Y13 Microeconomics Notes

These revision notes cover everything you need to know about **Market Structures** for A-Level Economics. They're designed for students studying AQA A-Level Economics, Edexcel A-Level Economics, and Edexcel International A-Level Economics. Written by Jaisul Naik, UCL Economics graduate and A-Level Economics tutor since 2017.

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### What are the characteristics of a monopoly?

A monopoly exists when one firm dominates a market.

A pure monopoly is when a firm has 100% market share.

Monopoly power is considered to start from 25% market share by the Competitions and Markets Authority (CMA).

The characteristics of a monopoly market are:

1. high barriers to entry & exit
2. product differentiation
3. imperfect information

As a result, firms are price-makers.

### What are the characteristics of an oligopoly?

An oligopoly exists when a few firms dominate the market.

The characteristics of an oligopolistic market are:

1. high barriers to entry & exit
2. interdependence of firms

### What are the characteristics of monopolistic competition?

The characteristics of monopolistic competition are:

1. low barriers to entry
2. slight product differentiation

### What are the characteristics of perfect competition?

The characteristics of perfect competition are:

1. no barriers to entry & exit
2. homogenous products
3. perfect information

As a result, firms are price-takers.

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### Summary questions

1. What are the characteristics of a monopoly?
2. What are the characteristics of an oligopoly?
3. What are the characteristics of monopolistic competition?
4. What are the characteristics of perfect competition?

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